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中世紀伊比利亞

西元 711 年 – 西元 1492 年

安達盧斯與基督教諸王國 —— 從伍麥亞征服到 1492 年格拉納達陷落，將近八百年的歷史。

577 個事件

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重要事件

  1. 瓜達萊特之戰西元 711 年
    瓜達萊特戰役是穆斯林征服伊比利亞半島的第一場重大戰役，於711年7月在現今西班牙南部的一個未確定地點進行，交戰雙方為西哥特人及其國王羅德里克，以及由塔裏克·伊本·齊亞德指揮的倭馬亞哈里發入侵軍隊，主要由柏柏爾人和部分阿拉伯人組成。這場戰役意義重大，既是一系列倭馬亞攻擊的高潮，也是安達盧斯的開端。羅德里克在戰役中陣亡，許多西哥特貴族也隨之喪生，為西哥特首都託萊多的淪陷打開了道路。
  2. 倭馬亞征服西班牙西元 711 年
    烏邁亞德征服伊比利亞戰爭（711–718年）
  3. 科瓦東加戰役西元 718 年
    The Battle of Covadonga took place in 722 between the army of Pelagius of Asturias and the army of Umayyad Caliphate commanders Alqama and Munuza. Fought near Covadonga, in the Picos de Europa, the outcome was victory for the Christian forces of Pelagius. It is traditionally regarded as the foundational event of the Kingdom of Asturias and thus the initial point of the Christian Reconquista (reconquest) of Iberia after the Umayyad conquest of 711.
  4. 阿爾比十字軍西元 1209 年
    1209 military campaigns against Catharism in southern France
  5. 拉斯納瓦斯-德託洛薩會戰西元 1212 年
    The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab, took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the history of medieval Spain. The Christian forces were led by King Alfonso VIII of Castile, joined by his rivals, Kings Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon. The Muslim army was led by caliph al-Nasir, ruler of the Almohad Caliphate, which included the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco.
  6. 圖盧茲戰役西元 721 年
    The Battle of Toulouse (721) was a victory of an Aquitanian Christian army led by Odo the Great, Duke of Aquitaine over an Umayyad Muslim army besieging the city of Toulouse, led by al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani, the Umayyad wāli (governor-general) of al-Andalus. The decisive Aquitanian victory checked the spread of Umayyad control westward from Narbonne into Aquitaine.
  7. 龍塞斯瓦列斯山口戰役西元 778 年
    The Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778 saw a large force of Basques ambush a part of Charlemagne's army in Roncevaux Pass, a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.
  8. 薩拉卡戰役西元 1086 年
    The Battle of Sagrajas, also called Zalaca or Zallaqah, was a conflict fought in 1086 between the Almoravid army, led by their king, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, and the forces of King Alfonso VI of Castile. The Almoravids were called into battle by the taifas, Muslim principalities in Al-Andalus that often fought amongst themselves but united against the expanding Christian kingdoms to the north. In addition to the Almoravid forces, the Taifas, bolstered the Muslim side, tilting the battle in their favor. The battlefield became known as az-Zallaqah due to the immense bloodshed that made the terrain treacherous, giving rise to its name in Arabic.
  9. 圍攻里斯本西元 1147 年
    The siege of Lisbon, from 1 July to 25 October 1147, was the military action against the Almoravid dynasty that brought the city of Lisbon under the definitive control of the new Christian power, the Kingdom of Portugal.
  10. 阿爾茹巴羅塔戰役西元 1385 年
    The Battle of Aljubarrota was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his Constable Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese and French allies, as well as Genoese mercenaries at São Jorge, between the towns of Leiria and Alcobaça, in central Portugal. The result was a decisive victory for the Portuguese, ruling out Castilian ambitions to the Portuguese throne, ending the 1383–85 Crisis and assuring John's position as King of Portugal.
  11. 阿爾卡索瓦什和約西元 1479 年
    The Treaty of Alcáçovas was signed on 4 September 1479 between the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side and Afonso V and his son, Prince John of Portugal, on the other side. It put an end to the War of the Castilian Succession, which ended with a victory of the Castilians on land and a Portuguese victory on the sea. The four peace treaties signed at Alcáçovas reflected that outcome: Isabella was recognized as Queen of Castile while Portugal reached hegemony in the Atlantic Ocean.
  12. 米雷之戰西元 1213 年
    The Battle of Muret, fought on 12 September 1213 near Muret, 25 km (16 mi) south of Toulouse, was the last major battle of the Albigensian Crusade and one of the most notable pitched battles of the Middle Ages. Although estimates of the sizes of the respective armies vary considerably even among distinguished modern historians, it is most well known for a small force of French knights and crusaders commanded by Simon de Montfort the Elder defeating a much larger allied army led by King Peter II of Aragon and Count Raymond VI of Toulouse.

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