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Muhammad

571 CE – 632 CE

Retrace Muhammad's life across the map — 12 events in chronological order, from a cinematic flythrough to a full timeline.

Life journey

1. Muslim conquests622 CE
   The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests, also known as the Arab conquests, were a series of religious wars initiated by Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, and continued by the early Muslims. In 622, he established the first Islamic state at Medina in Arabia, from where Muslim armies expanded rapidly under the succeeding Rashidun Caliphate and then the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in Islamic law being extended throughout most of West Asia and North Africa, parts of South Asia and Central Asia, and parts of Mediterranean Europe over the following century. According to Scottish historian James Buchan: "In speed and extent, the first Arab conquests were matched only by those of Alexander the Great, and they were more lasting." At the height of the expansion, Muslim-ruled territory under the caliphates is estimated to have covered 13,000,000 square kilometres (5,000,000 sq mi), stretching from the Indian subcontinent in the east to the Iberian Peninsula in the west.
2. Muslim–Quraysh War624 CE
   The Muslim–Quraysh War was a 6-year military and religious conflict in the Arabian Peninsula between the early Muslims led by Muhammad on one side and the Arab pagan Quraysh tribe on the other. The war started in March 624 with the Battle of Badr, and concluded with the Conquest of Mecca.
3. Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa624 CE
   The siege of Banu Qaynuqa occurred in April 624. The Banu Qaynuqa were a Jewish tribe expelled by the Islamic prophet Muhammad for breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina.
4. Battle of Badr624 CE
   The Battle of Badr or sometimes called The Raid of Badr, also referred to as The Day of the Criterion in the Qur'an and by Muslims, was fought on 13 March 624 CE, near the present-day city of Badr, Al Madinah Province in Saudi Arabia. Muhammad, commanding an army of his Sahaba, defeated an army of the Quraysh led by Amr ibn Hishām, better known among Muslims as Abu Jahl. The battle marked the beginning of the six-year war between Muhammad and his tribe. The Battle of Badr took place after five or six unsuccessful attempts by the Muslims to intercept and raid Meccan trade caravans between 623 and early 624 CE.
5. Battle of Uhud625 CE
   The Battle of Uhud was fought between the early Muslims and the Quraysh during the Muslim–Quraysh wars in a valley north of Medina near Mount Uhud on Saturday, 23 March 625 AD.
6. Battle of the Trench627 CE
   The Battle of the Trench, also known as the Battle of Khandaq and the Battle of the Confederates, was part of the conflict between the Muslims and the Quraysh. The Quraysh advanced towards the Muslims, who defended themselves in Medina by digging a trench around their settlement at the suggestion of Salman the Persian. The battle took place in 627 and lasted around two weeks, resulting in five to six casualties reported by the Muslim, and three casualties amongst the Quraysh.
7. Battle of Khaybar628 CE
   The Battle of Khaybar was an armed confrontation between the early Muslims and the Jewish community of Khaybar in 628 CE. Khaybar, which is located approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) to the northwest of Medina, was home to a sizable community of Jewish tribes.
8. Battle of Hunayn630 CE
   The Battle of Hunayn was a conflict between the Muslims of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tribes of Qays in the aftermath of the conquest of Mecca. The battle took place in 8 AH in the Hunayn valley on the route from Mecca to Taif. The battle ultimately ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, and it is one of the few battles mentioned by name in the Quran, where it appears in Surat at-Tawbah.
9. Siege of Ta'if630 CE
   The Siege of Ta'if took place in 630 CE, shortly after the Muslim victory at the battles of Hunayn and Autas that followed the conquest of Mecca. Seeking to consolidate control over the Hijaz, Muhammad marched with his forces to the fortified city of Ta'if, stronghold of the Thaqif tribe and a long-standing commercial rival of Mecca. Many of the surviving Hawazin warriors and their families had taken refuge there after their defeat at Hunayn, making Ta'if the next target of the Muslim campaign. The city, however, was heavily fortified, surrounded by strong walls and well supplied with provisions, and thus presented a far more difficult challenge than the open-field encounters at Hunayn and Autas.
10. Conquest of Mecca630 CE
    The conquest of Mecca was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War. They led the early Muslims in an advance on the Quraysh-controlled city of Mecca in December 629 or January 630. The fall of the city to Muhammad formally marked the end of the conflict between his followers and the Quraysh tribal confederation.
11. Miss World riots2002 CE
    The Miss World riots were a series of religiously motivated riots in the Nigerian city of Kaduna in November 2002, resulting in the deaths of more than 200 people. The Miss World beauty pageant, which was controversial in Nigeria, was relocated to London after bloody clashes between Muslims and Christians, caused by what some Muslims deemed to be a "blasphemous" article in the newspaper ThisDay about the event. The Miss World riots were part of the Sharia conflict in Nigeria, that started in 1999 when several predominantly Islamic states in Northern Nigeria decided to introduce Sharia law.
12. 2020 Bangalore riots2020 CE
    On the night of 11 August and the early hours of 12 August 2020, violent clashes took place around the residence of a legislator and the police stations of KG Halli and DJ Halli of the Indian city of Bangalore, Karnataka. A group of Muslims, angered by a Facebook post on Muhammad allegedly shared by Akhanda Srinivas Murthy's nephew, a state legislator of the Indian National Congress, arrived at his house in protest, which later turned violent.

Event data from Wikipedia/Wikidata (CC-BY-SA). Spotted a mistake? Email [email protected].