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Western Europe

1400 CE – 1900 CE

Five centuries of Western Europe — the Renaissance, the Reformation, revolutions and empires, the densest cluster of events in Annalium.

6409 events · 192 people · 1 eras

Key events

1. Battle of Grunwald1410 CE
   The Battle of Grunwald, also known as the (First) Battle of Tannenberg or the Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), and Grand Duke Vytautas, decisively defeated the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Most of the Teutonic Order's leadership was killed or taken prisoner.
2. Council of Constance1414 CE
   synod (1414–18)
3. Battle of Agincourt1415 CE
   The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory in the Hundred Years' War. It took place on 25 October 1415 near Azincourt, in northern France. The unexpected victory of the vastly outnumbered English troops over the French army boosted English morale, crippled France, and began a new period of English dominance in the war. This advantage lasted for 14 years, until England was defeated by France in 1429 during the Siege of Orléans.
4. Council of Florence1431 CE
   Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church (1431–1445)
5. Battle of Varna1444 CE
   The Battle of Varna took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna in what is today eastern Bulgaria. The Ottoman army under Sultan Murad II defeated the Crusaders commanded by King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary, John Hunyadi and Mircea II of Wallachia. It was the final battle of the unsuccessful Crusade of Varna, a last-ditch effort to prevent further Ottoman expansion into the Balkans.
6. Battle of Kosovo1448 CE
   1448 battle between Hungarian-led Crusaders and the Ottoman Empire
7. Fall of Constantinople1453 CE
   1453 capture of the Byzantine capital by the Ottoman Empire
8. Battle of Bosworth Field1485 CE
   The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England and Wales in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by an alliance of Lancastrians and disaffected Yorkists. Their leader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, became the first Welsh monarch of England from the Tudor dynasty by his victory and subsequent marriage to the de facto Yorkist heiress, Elizabeth of York. His opponent Richard III, the last king of the House of York, was killed during the battle, the last English monarch to fall in battle. Historians consider Bosworth Field to mark the end of the Plantagenet dynasty, making it one of the defining moments of English history.
9. Treaty of Tordesillas1494 CE
   treaty dividing territory between Portugal and Spain
10. Wars of the Roses1500 CE
    The Wars of the Roses, known at the time and in following centuries as the Civil Wars, and also the Cousins' War, were a series of armed confrontations, machinations, battles and campaigns fought for control of the English throne from 1455 to 1487. The conflict was fought between supporters of the House of Lancaster and House of York, two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet. The conflict resulted in the end of Lancaster's male line in 1471, leaving the Tudor family to inherit, through the female line, the Lancaster claim to the throne. Conflict was largely brought to an end upon the union of the two houses through marriage, creating the Tudor dynasty that would subsequently rule England.
11. Stockholm Bloodbath1520 CE
    The Stockholm Bloodbath was a trial that led to a series of executions in Stockholm between 7 and 9 November 1520. The event is also known as the Stockholm massacre. The events occurred after the coronation of Christian II as the new king of Sweden, when guests in the crowning party were invited to a meeting at Tre Kronor castle. Archbishop Gustav Trolle, demanding economic compensation for things such as the demolition of Almarestäket's fortress, questioned whether the former Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger and his supporters had been guilty of heresy.
12. Battle of Pavia1525 CE
    The Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of 24 February 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–1526 between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg Empire of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor as well as ruler of Spain, Austria, the Low Countries, and the Two Sicilies.

Notable people

• Napoleon1769 CE – 1821 CE
• Frederick II of Prussia1712 CE – 1786 CE
• George III of Great Britain1738 CE – 1820 CE
• Maria Theresa of Austria1717 CE – 1780 CE
• Louis XV of France1710 CE – 1774 CE
• Horatio Nelson1758 CE – 1805 CE
• Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington1769 CE – 1852 CE
• Alexander Suvorov1730 CE – 1800 CE
• J. M. W. Turner1775 CE – 1851 CE
• Elizabeth I of Russia1709 CE – 1761 CE
• Clement XIV1705 CE – 1774 CE
• Charles IV of Spain1748 CE – 1819 CE

Eras spanning this view

Related atlas views

• Renaissance Italy
• Britain & Ireland
• Medieval Iberia

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• Tang Dynasty China
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Events from Wikipedia/Wikidata (CC-BY-SA); boundaries from OpenHistoricalMap (ODbL). Spotted a mistake? Email [email protected].